Elikadura
Zenbat proteina pisu galerarako?
Proteina da galera pisuan argien kasua duen makronutrientea, eta arrazoiak "asebetetzen zait" baino interesgarriagoak dira.
Zergatik irabazten du proteinak bere ospea
Hiru mekanismo bereizi, elikadura aldarrikapen batentzat ohikoa ez dena. Proteinak makronutrienteen termiko efektu handiena du, beraz, bere energia zati txiki bat digestioan gastatzen da. Kaloria bakoitzeko asebetetze handiena du, gehiegizko pisua duten pertsonengan gose sentsazioetan duen eraginaren aldeko sistematikoko azterketa batekin [2]. Eta energia defizit batean masa mehearen mantentzean substratua da, garrantzitsua delako masa mehea edozein pisu galera nabarmenekin jaisten dela.
Proteina eta asebetetze
Proteina erabilera hipotesia
Hau da arlo honetan ideia interesgarriena. Hipotesiak dio gizakiok proteina kontsumoa energia osoa baino estuago erregulatzen dugula — proteina helburu bat lortu arte jaten jarraitzen dugula [4]. Egia bada, proteina diluitutako dieta batek beste guztien gehiegizko kontsumoa behartzen du, proteina absolutu bera lortzeko.
Hori modu garbi batean azalduko luke ultra-prozesatutako elikagaien elkarrekintza, dieta horiek proteina diluituak izaten baitira — ikusi ultra-prozesatutako elikagaia. Hipotesiak babesa du eta ez da unibertsalki onartua; marko agerikoa bezala tratatu beharko zen, mekanismo ezarritzat baino.
Zenbat
| Egoera | Proteina kg-ko gorputz pisu bakoitzeko egunean | Oharrak |
|---|---|---|
| Osasun orokorra, ez defizitik | 0,8 g (RDA) | Defizit bat saihesteko gutxienekoa, ez optimoa |
| Pisua galtzea, sedentarioa | 1,2-1,6 g | Asebetetze eta masa mehearen kontserbazioarako |
| Pisua galtzea indar entrenamenduarekin | 1,6-2,0 g | Defizit agresiboetan goiko muturra |
| Adineko pertsonak | 1,2-1,5 g | Anabolikoen erresistentziak eskariak handitzen ditu |
| Asebetetze-supresore medikamentuekin | 1,2-1,6 g | Lortzeko zailena; plangintza beharrezkoa da |
Pisua gehiegizkoa duten pertsonentzat, helburua kalkulatzea egungo gorputz pisua baino saihesteko zenbaki inflatuak.
Iturria: garrantzitsua al da?
Arrazoiak adierazten duen baino gutxiago. 2025eko probatu aleatorio batek animalien eta landareen proteinen arteko antzeko efektuak aurkitu zituen [5], hau da, sarrera osoak eta leucina edukiak jatorria baino garrantzitsuagoak direla adierazten du. Landare iturriak leucina gutxiago eta digestibilitate baxuagoa dute, beraz, kopuru pixka bat handiagoak arrazoizkoak dira — estrategia desberdin bat ez da.
Esne-proteina osagarriak menopausia osteko emakumeengan aztertu dira [1], eta probatu aleatorio batek estilo bizitzako interbentzioak datu gehiago ematen ditu [6].
Hezur kontsiderazioa
Pisua galtzeak hezur mineral dentsitatea murrizten du — deskarga mekanikoa eta hezurrei lotutako nutrienteen sarreraren murrizketa. Meta-analisi batek dietako proteina kopuruak pisua galtzean hezurretan duen eragina aztertu zuen [3] eta proteina sarrera handiagoak onuragarriak direla aurkitu zuen. Honek proteina altuak hezurrari kalte egiten diola esaten zuen zaharkitua birbideratzen du, azterketari aurre egin ez zion.
Ohiko galderak
Proteina gehiegi jan al dezaket?
Proteina behar al dut otordu guztietan?
Landare-proteina okerragoa al da?
Osagarri bat behar al dut?
Lotutako irakurketa
Erreferentziak
Hemen azpiko aipamen guztiak PubMed-en edo DOI bidezko jatorrizko peer-reviewed erregistroari lotzen diote. Hemen ez dago mediku aholkurik ordezkatzeko.
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Insect Protein to Support Human Skeletal Muscle Anabolism: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials Rutherford JAG, Elliott RM, Knott GP, et al. · Nutrition reviews · 2026 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 40511744
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Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Kuo YY, Chang HY, Huang YC, et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 36235862Full text
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Are Dietary Proteins the Key to Successful Body Weight Management? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies Assessing Body Weight Outcomes after Interventions with Increased Dietary Protein Hansen TT, Astrup A, Sjödin A · Nutrients · 2021 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 34579069Full text
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Dietary protein and appetite sensations in individuals with overweight and obesity: a systematic review de Carvalho KMB, Pizato N, Botelho PB, et al. · European journal of nutrition · 2020 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 32648023
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Effects of Dietary Protein Quantity on Bone Quantity following Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Wright CS, Li J, Campbell WW · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 31301138Full text
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Protein leverage and energy intake Gosby AK, Conigrave AD, Raubenheimer D, et al. · Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2014 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 24588967
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Dietary Protein Reduction During Isocaloric Conditions Reduces Body Weight in Men With Overweight or Obesity Lyster AE, Frederiksen AS, Jensen JK, et al. · Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 42299884Full text
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Long-term effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate quality on prediabetes remission: results from the PREVIEW randomised multinational diabetes prevention trial Zhu R, Guo J, Huttunen-Lenz M, et al. · Diabetologia · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 41094026Full text
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Effect of a Defined Intake of a Soy-Based Protein-Rich Supplement on Body Composition and Eating Behaviour in Overweight Women: A Secondary Analysis of the ACOORH Trial Berg A, Stensitzky-Thielemanns A, Predel HG · Nutrients · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 42738981Full text
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Impact of resistance training on inflammatory biomarkers and associations with treatment outcomes in colon cancer Lee S, Ma C, Caan BJ, et al. · Cancer · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40278841Full text
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The effects of dietary protein on physical performance and body composition in middle age and older people having type II diabetes mellitus: a randomized pilot study Argyropoulou D, Nomikos T, Terzis G, et al. · European journal of nutrition · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 39751920
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Postprandial plasma amino acid and appetite responses to a low protein breakfast supplemented with whey or pea protein in middle-to-older aged adults Korzepa M, Marshall RN, Rogers LM, et al. · European journal of nutrition · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 39932545Full text
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Acute Effects of Oral Microbial Protease Co-ingestion with Whey Protein on Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations, Appetite, and Satiety in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial Huang Y, Bell ZW, Alhamwi A, et al. · The Journal of nutrition · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40675336Full text
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Similar effects between animal-based and plant-based protein blend as complementary dietary protein on muscle adaptations to resistance training: findings from a randomized clinical trial Santini MH, Erwig Leitão A, Mazzolani BC, et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 41059835Full text
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A Randomized Controlled Crossover Lifestyle Intervention to Improve Metabolic and Mental Health in Female Healthcare Night-Shift Workers Robinson LA, Lennon S, Pegel AR, et al. · Nutrients · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 41228416Full text
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Effect of unsaturated fat and protein intake on liver fat in people at risk of unhealthy aging: 1-year results of a randomized controlled trial Wernicke C, Pohrt A, Pletsch-Borba L, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 36804020
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High protein diet promotes body weight loss among Brazilian postpartum women de Castro MBT, Cunha DB, Araujo MC, et al. · Maternal & child nutrition · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 30381901Full text
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Higher compared with lower dietary protein during an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater lean mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial Longland TM, Oikawa SY, Mitchell CJ, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 26817506
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A candidate gene approach for identifying differential iron responses in young overweight women to an energy-restricted haem iron-rich diet Cheng HL, Hancock DP, Rooney KB, et al. · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2014 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 24801367
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Effects of high-protein diets on fat-free mass and muscle protein synthesis following weight loss: a randomized controlled trial Pasiakos SM, Cao JJ, Margolis LM, et al. · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2013 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 23739654
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The Diabetes Excess Weight Loss (DEWL) Trial: a randomised controlled trial of high-protein versus high-carbohydrate diets over 2 years in type 2 diabetes Krebs JD, Elley CR, Parry-Strong A, et al. · Diabetologia · 2012 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 22286528
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Effects of different dietary protein intakes on body composition and vascular reactivity Ferrara LA, Innelli P, Palmieri V, et al. · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2006 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 16340944
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Variations in postprandial ghrelin status following ingestion of high-carbohydrate, high-fat, and high-protein meals in males Tannous dit El Khoury D, Obeid O, Azar ST, et al. · Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 2006 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 16508254
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High-Protein Plant-Based Diet Versus a Protein-Matched Omnivorous Diet to Support Resistance Training Adaptations: A Comparison Between Habitual Vegans and Omnivores Hevia-Larraín V, Gualano B, Longobardi I, et al. · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021 · Clinical trial DOIPubMed 33599941
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Weight Loss Strategies and the Risk of Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss McCarthy D, Berg A · Nutrients · 2021 · Review DOIPubMed 34371981Full text
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The Effects of High-Protein Diets on Kidney Health and Longevity Ko GJ, Rhee CM, Kalantar-Zadeh K, et al. · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2020 · Review DOIPubMed 32669325Full text
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International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition Aragon AA, Schoenfeld BJ, Wildman R, et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2017 · Review DOIPubMed 28630601Full text
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Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements to optimum adaptation Phillips SM, Van Loon LJ · Journal of sports sciences · 2011 · Review DOIPubMed 22150425